回复21楼:
處女膜是多种雌性动物,包括黑猩猩、非洲象、海豹、海牛、狐猴、天竺鼠、鯨魚、馬、駱駝,以及人类所具有的组织;但是尚未解开的谜团是,只有女人跟母馬在性成熟期以后,还保留着處女膜,少數案例中的母馬若是處女膜閉鎖影響交配則會動手術切除[10]。
在處女膜的中央,有一直径为1~1.5厘米的小孔,月经可通过这一小孔排出体外。这个小孔的形状各人不尽相同,根据處女膜开孔的形状,可分为圆形、椭圆形、环形、筛形、伞形、分叶形、星形、中隔分离形、月牙形、半月形、唇形等30餘种。只有少数女性天生没有處女膜;而另外少数女性處女膜上则没有孔隙,病理学称为“闭锁”,即俗称“石女”的一种;这种情况使得女性在经期经血无法排出,常在青春期发现月经迟来,并伴有小腹周期性疼痛,一般以需處女膜切开术处理。
劇烈運動、挫傷及初次性交,都可能使處女膜被撕裂,而造成出血[7][需要可靠醫學來源]。
參考文獻 编辑
^ 1.0 1.1 Emans, S. Jean. "Physical Examination of the Child and Adolescent" (2000) in Evaluation of the Sexually Abused Child: A Medical Textbook and Photographic Atlas, Second edition, Oxford University Press. 61–65
^ Heger, Astrid.; Emans, S. Jean Herriot. Evaluation of the sexually abused child : a medical textbook and photographic atlas. New York: Oxford University Press. 1992. ISBN 0-19-507425-4. OCLC 24288199.
^ 3.0 3.1 Perlman, Sally E.; Nakajyma, Steven T.; Hertweck, S. Paige. Clinical protocols in pediatric and adolescent gynecology. Parthenon. 2004: 131. ISBN 1-84214-199-6.
^ Blank, Hanne. Virgin: The Untouched History. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2008: 72 [2017-09-20]. ISBN 9781596917194. (原始内容存档于2017-09-21).
^ Heger, Astrid.; Emans, S. Jean Herriot.; Muram, David. Evaluation of the sexually abused child : a medical textbook and photographic atlas Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000: p62. ISBN 0-19-513126-6. OCLC 64389654. An early study by Jenny (1987) confirmed that all girls are born with hymens.
^ The Hymen. University of California, Santa Barbara. [2009-02-09]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-09). The hymen oftentimes, though not always, rips or tears the first time a female engages in penetrative intercourse, which may cause some temporary bleeding and slight discomfort.
^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Janell L. Carroll. Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity. Cengage Learning. 1 January 2012: 155–. ISBN 1-111-83581-0. In reality, many activities can tear the hyme